Will consistently aabb examine the mechanisms of the higher functions of the nervous system. The ex

Higher functions of the nervous system are those related to human consciousness and realized with the obligatory participation of the cortex of large hemispheres. These are perceptions, recognition, speech, thinking, memory and learning, volitional exercise, conscious control and adaptation of behavior, cognition. The above functions are not separated from each other. Interrelated, they participate in the formation of conscious human behavior. Besides the bark of large hemispheres in the realization of the higher functions involved a number of subcortical brain structures - parts of sensory systems, the system of regulation of locomotor activity of the reticular formation of the vegetative centers of the limbic system. For instance, language function is essential normal functioning of cortical speech aabb areas of the dominant hemisphere (for most people it is the left hemisphere). Language function, however, requires more involvement and the bark of the nondominant hemisphere, which is associated with the emotional aspects of speech understanding metaphors, with the ability for meaningful arrangement of sentences. Furthermore, in language function featured all of the crust associated with memory, attention, planning; parts of the brain associated with the regulation of the movement; vegetative centers which alter metabolism, the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the needs of the language function. The example shows that the speech (and this goes for other higher functions) need highly aggregated (integration) of the functions of a large number of brain structures. Therefore, the higher functions are called aabb integrative functions of the nervous system.
Will consistently aabb examine the mechanisms of the higher functions of the nervous system. The exact mechanism of each of them is proof of their integrative sashtnost.Predi will recall the general physiological characteristics of the cerebral cortex.
From a functional point of view in the cortex differ primary and secondary sensory fields, primary and secondary motor areas and associative fields. Primary and secondary sensory fields to process sensory information, motor zones regulate the movements of skeletal muscle and associative fields carry higher cortical functions.
1. The sensory and motor function of the cortex is organized contralateral, ie left hemisphere processes sensory information from the right half of the body and also control the movements of the right half of the body. In contrast, the representation of sensory functions and movements of the left half of the body located in the right hemisphere.
2. Sensory and motor cortical aabb areas have topical organization. This means that the organization of these cortical areas is arranged in a fixed spatial aabb scheme. For example, in the motor areas of the cortex, and those associated with skin sensation, there is somatotopichnost, i.e. adjacent portions of the zones processed information relating to adjacent parts of tyaloto.Goleminata of the cortical projections to the body is proportional to the the individual parts of the body (cortical Magnification factor). Relatively the greater aabb the cortical representations but the fingers, lips, face, vocal apparatus, eye muscles and the rest of the body has a disproportionately small cortical representation.
The two brain hemispheres are not symmetrical aabb mirror images of one another. Their asymmetry starts aabb from embryonal development and at birth approximately 65% of subjects the surface aabb of the temporal lobe of lyavomozachnata hemisphere aabb is greater. This inherent structural asymmetry determines a favorable postnatal development of the left hemisphere - it goes to a rich stream of stimuli, which in turn favors the subsequent stronger development of this brain area. In this connection, in about 90% of individuals forming the so-called. desnorakost, ie greater dexterity aabb of the right hand. Even a few months of age babies have more developed gripping reflex of the right hand.
Is most pronounced brain asymmetry in terms of speech functions. Speech cortical areas in the prevalence of people is located only in the left hemisphere and it qualifies as dominant. Desnorakost and resp. levorakost aabb does not overlap with lateralization of speech aabb functions. In 99% of desnorakite, the left hemisphere is dominant for speech functions. In left-handers right hemisphere is dominant only in 30-40%. In almost half of them speech functions are not clearly lateralized, thus disturbances in speech appear in damage to either side of the brain.
In cerebral hemorrhage (stroke) in damage from trauma, brain tumor, etc., In the left hemisphere, where it is dominant, occur speech disorders (aphasia). The lesions are stronger if the injuries occurred in raised individual. Similar in size disabilities in children up to 5 years of age, did not lead