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1 Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices (CAMD), Louisiana State University , 2 Center for Atomic-Level Catalyst Design, Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University , 3 Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University , 4 Argonne National Laboratory
This article is a part of JoVE Bioengineering. If you think this article would be useful for your research, please recommend JoVE to your institution's librarian. Recommend proteinbiosynthese JoVE to Your Librarian
Revealing Dynamic Processes of Materials in Liquids Using Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy … Published 12/20/2012
The JoVE video player is compatible with HTML5 and Adobe Flash. Older browsers that do not support HTML5 and the H.264 video codec will still use a Flash-based video player. We recommend downloading the newest version of Flash here, but we support all versions 10 and above. proteinbiosynthese
Krishna, K. S., Biswas, S., Navin, C. V., Yamane, D. G., Miller, J. T., Kumar, C. S. S. R. Millifluidics for Chemical Synthesis and Time-resolved proteinbiosynthese Mechanistic proteinbiosynthese Studies. J. Vis. Exp. (81), e50711, doi:10.3791/50711 (2013). Abstract
Procedures utilizing millifluidic devices for chemical synthesis and time-resolved mechanistic studies are described by taking three examples. In the first, synthesis of ultra-small copper nanoclusters is described. The second example provides their utility for investigating time resolved kinetics of chemical reactions by analyzing gold nanoparticle formation using in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy The final example demonstrates continuous flow catalysis of reactions inside millifluidic channel coated with nanostructured catalyst. Introduction
Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices for chemical synthesis have demonstrated significant advantage proteinbiosynthese in terms of increased mass and heat transfer, superior reaction control, high throughput and safer operation environment 1 . These devices can be broadly classified into chip based fluidics and nonchip based fluidic devices. Among the chip-based fluidics, microfluidics is well investigated and a topic well-covered in the literature 2-5 . Nonchip proteinbiosynthese based LOC systems use tubular reactors 6 . Conventionally, microfluidic systems are used for precise control and manipulation of fluids that are geometrically constrained to submillimeter scale. proteinbiosynthese We have recently introduced the concept of chip-based millifluidics, which can be used for manipulation of fluids in channels in millimeter scale (either width or depth or both of the channels are at least a millimeter in size) 7-9 . Furthermore, the millifluidic chips are relatively easy to fabricate while offering similar control over flow-rates and manipulation of reagents. These chips could also be operated proteinbiosynthese at higher flow-rates, creating smaller residence times, thereby, offering the possibility for scale-up of controlled synthesis of nanoparticles with narrower size distribution. As an example, we have recently demonstrated the synthesis of ultra-small copper nanoclusters and characterized them using in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy as well as TEM. Ability to obtain small residence times within millifluidic channels in combination with the use of MPEG, which is very efficient bidentate PEGylated stabilizing agent for the formation of stable proteinbiosynthese colloids of copper nanoclusters 7 .
In addition to the synthesis proteinbiosynthese of chemicals and nanomaterials, the millifluidics could offer, due to higher volume and concentration at the probe area, a synthetic platform that is more generalized and efficient for time-resolved kinetic studies and also achieves better signal to noise ratio than microfluidic systems 7,10 . We show the use of millifluidic chip as an example proteinbiosynthese for time resolved analysis of the growth of gold nanostructures from solution using in situ XAS with a time resolution as small as 5 msec 11 .
Also, majority of the micro reactors developed to date for catalysis applications are based on silicon 12,13 . Their expensive fabrication proteinbiosynthese in addition to small volumes generated makes them unsuitable for large scale manufacturing. The two general methods for coating the channels with nanocatalysts - chemical and physical, often referred to as silicon coating procedures, are currently in vogue 14,15 . In addition to expensive micro fabrication, clogging proteinbiosynthese of the channels makes micro reactor catalysis may be unsuitable for large-scale manufacturing. Although proteinbiosynthese microreactors have been used for heterogeneous catalysis in micro continuous proteinbiosynthese flow-through processes earlier 16-18 , the ability to control the dimension, and
1 Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices (CAMD), Louisiana State University , 2 Center for Atomic-Level Catalyst Design, Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University , 3 Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University , 4 Argonne National Laboratory
This article is a part of JoVE Bioengineering. If you think this article would be useful for your research, please recommend JoVE to your institution's librarian. Recommend proteinbiosynthese JoVE to Your Librarian
Revealing Dynamic Processes of Materials in Liquids Using Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy … Published 12/20/2012
The JoVE video player is compatible with HTML5 and Adobe Flash. Older browsers that do not support HTML5 and the H.264 video codec will still use a Flash-based video player. We recommend downloading the newest version of Flash here, but we support all versions 10 and above. proteinbiosynthese
Krishna, K. S., Biswas, S., Navin, C. V., Yamane, D. G., Miller, J. T., Kumar, C. S. S. R. Millifluidics for Chemical Synthesis and Time-resolved proteinbiosynthese Mechanistic proteinbiosynthese Studies. J. Vis. Exp. (81), e50711, doi:10.3791/50711 (2013). Abstract
Procedures utilizing millifluidic devices for chemical synthesis and time-resolved mechanistic studies are described by taking three examples. In the first, synthesis of ultra-small copper nanoclusters is described. The second example provides their utility for investigating time resolved kinetics of chemical reactions by analyzing gold nanoparticle formation using in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy The final example demonstrates continuous flow catalysis of reactions inside millifluidic channel coated with nanostructured catalyst. Introduction
Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices for chemical synthesis have demonstrated significant advantage proteinbiosynthese in terms of increased mass and heat transfer, superior reaction control, high throughput and safer operation environment 1 . These devices can be broadly classified into chip based fluidics and nonchip based fluidic devices. Among the chip-based fluidics, microfluidics is well investigated and a topic well-covered in the literature 2-5 . Nonchip proteinbiosynthese based LOC systems use tubular reactors 6 . Conventionally, microfluidic systems are used for precise control and manipulation of fluids that are geometrically constrained to submillimeter scale. proteinbiosynthese We have recently introduced the concept of chip-based millifluidics, which can be used for manipulation of fluids in channels in millimeter scale (either width or depth or both of the channels are at least a millimeter in size) 7-9 . Furthermore, the millifluidic chips are relatively easy to fabricate while offering similar control over flow-rates and manipulation of reagents. These chips could also be operated proteinbiosynthese at higher flow-rates, creating smaller residence times, thereby, offering the possibility for scale-up of controlled synthesis of nanoparticles with narrower size distribution. As an example, we have recently demonstrated the synthesis of ultra-small copper nanoclusters and characterized them using in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy as well as TEM. Ability to obtain small residence times within millifluidic channels in combination with the use of MPEG, which is very efficient bidentate PEGylated stabilizing agent for the formation of stable proteinbiosynthese colloids of copper nanoclusters 7 .
In addition to the synthesis proteinbiosynthese of chemicals and nanomaterials, the millifluidics could offer, due to higher volume and concentration at the probe area, a synthetic platform that is more generalized and efficient for time-resolved kinetic studies and also achieves better signal to noise ratio than microfluidic systems 7,10 . We show the use of millifluidic chip as an example proteinbiosynthese for time resolved analysis of the growth of gold nanostructures from solution using in situ XAS with a time resolution as small as 5 msec 11 .
Also, majority of the micro reactors developed to date for catalysis applications are based on silicon 12,13 . Their expensive fabrication proteinbiosynthese in addition to small volumes generated makes them unsuitable for large scale manufacturing. The two general methods for coating the channels with nanocatalysts - chemical and physical, often referred to as silicon coating procedures, are currently in vogue 14,15 . In addition to expensive micro fabrication, clogging proteinbiosynthese of the channels makes micro reactor catalysis may be unsuitable for large-scale manufacturing. Although proteinbiosynthese microreactors have been used for heterogeneous catalysis in micro continuous proteinbiosynthese flow-through processes earlier 16-18 , the ability to control the dimension, and
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