Here are some summaries for the school group Trevianum please click on the advertising to support f

Here are some summaries for the school group Trevianum please click on the advertising to support financially this site. Information on this site is for personal use, publish is expressly forbidden!
Objective 1 You need to be able to describe what metabolism, assimilation and dissimilation and what happens in these reactions with the energy. Metabolism (metabolism) the entirety of chemical processes in a cell. Assimilation: the build-up of organic molecules from smaller molecules. - Result: formation of organic substances in the individual exists. - Assimilation strychnine Comments are endothermic: energy is captured strychnine in the larger molecules. dissimilation: the decomposition of organic molecules into smaller molecules. - Result: releasing energy for processes in cells. - Dissimilatiereacties are exothermic. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) strychnine into cells, chemical energy over from one substance to another substance. - Construction: ADP + Pi + energy ATP - Demolition ATP ADP + Pi + energy In organic molecules, strychnine the chemical energy is mainly in the electrons. - Electrons in a wide orbit the nucleus, the energy. - When dissimilatiereacties be energetic strychnine electrons, usually together with hydrogen ions transferred to electron strychnine acceptors (hydrogen acceptors). Objective strychnine 2 You must be able to describe the structure and function of enzymes. Enzymes accelerate (catalyzing) metabolic reactions without themselves being consumed. - Enzymes reduce the amount of activation energy which is required to initiate a reaction. Enzymatic reactions are often equilibrium strychnine reactions. - An enzyme strychnine has no effect on the position of the equilibrium, or at the speed at which the equilibrium is established. - Enzymes are specific reaction: each enzyme can affect only one equation. An enzyme is referred to the substrate (the material upon which the enzyme). - The name of the enzyme will have the suffix -ase. Enzymes are protein molecules having strychnine a specific spatial structure. - An enzyme molecule has an active center, which temporarily enters into a bond with a substrate molecule. There then arises an enzyme-substrate complex. Some enzymes require a coenzyme in order to be effective. strychnine - Co-enzyme: for example, a metal ion or a vitamin.. - Apo-enzyme: the enzyme molecule with the active site. Objective 3 You should be able to describe the influence of environmental factors on the enzyme activity. The enzyme activity may be expressed in terms of: - the amount of substrate that is converted per unit of time; - The amount of reaction product produced per unit of time. The enzyme activity can also be deduced from the time that a given amount of enzyme required to convert a certain amount of substrate. Temperature: strychnine influences the enzyme activity according to an optimum curve. - With rising temperature set intact enzyme molecules faster substrate strychnine molecules. - With rising temperature increasingly denatured enzyme molecules: they lose their specific spatial structure. This change is irreversible strychnine (irreversible). Acidity (pH): influences the enzyme activity according to an optimum curve. - A solution containing a lot of H + ions is acidic. The pH is below 7. - A solution that many OH - ions is basic. The pH is then higher than 7. - The spatial structure of enzyme molecules remains strychnine only at a given pH in position. chemicals can affect the enzyme activity. - Activation: the spatial structure of an enzyme molecule is changed in such a way that faster ES-complexes can be formed (e.g. some hormones, drugs.). - Competitive inhibition: remstofmoleculen compete with substrate strychnine molecules in entering into a bond with the active center of enzyme molecules (eg, sulfa drugs.). - Non-competitive inhibition: inhibitors alter the spatial structure of enzyme strychnine molecules, so that no more ES-complexes may be formed (e.g., heavy metals.). This change strychnine is irreversible. Objective 4 You should be able to describe the aerobic dissimilation of glucose in outline. Also, you should elaborate pathways of these can interpret. Aerobic dissimilation of glucose is also known as combustion. Gross Reaction: + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 12H2O + energy Glycolysis: a glucose molecule is split into two pyrodruivenzuurmoleculen. - The glycolysis takes place in the plasma ground. Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), the pyrodruivenzuurmoleculen are broken down to koolstofdioxidemolekulen. - High energy electrons