Male DNA in the brain of a woman? The phenomenon of microchimerism MEDtube Tribune - the most interesting news from the world of medicine
Surgery tox Pediatric Surgery Thoracic surgery Vascular surgery Surgery tox Surgical oncology Plastic Surgery Cardiology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Gynaecology Neuro Cardio Cardiology Neurology Neurosurgery Ophthalmology Orthopedics Otorhinolaryngology Pathology Pulmonology Radiology Urology
Probably each of us would be able to name at least one title of the book or movie, who described the struggles of the characters with the mastery of the human mind by alien beings, often extraterrestrial. It turns out that fiction does not pass so far from the truth. Through the article (1) published online in the journal PlosOne, we learn that the woman's brain hides male DNA and possibly cells of man. Source and effects of this phenomenon are the subject of numerous studies, but still failed to reach a clear position on the issue. The concept of microchimerism (Mc) refers to the presence of a small number of cells that are derived from another individual and hence are genetically different from the host cells. Natural microchimerism can be caused by pregnancy, since cells and genetic material are mutually exchanged between the mother and the fetus through the placenta (2). In some studies (3) demonstrated long-term persistence of cells / fetal DNA in the mother's body (fetal tox Mc-FMC). In addition, a small number of cells acquired maternal fetal life survives in healthy, immunocompetent adults and children (4) (maternal Mc-MMC). tox Also reported tox (5) microchimerism associated tox with blood transfusion (transfusion-associated microchimerism-TA-MC). Patients who have received serious injuries, after years of transfusion, achieved even 5 percent share of foreign leukocytes in peripheral blood. Fetal cells mikrochimeryczne apparently remain in the maternal bone marrow, even decades after the birth. They are capable of differentiation and migration into the blood and other tissues. These so-called nieodziedziczone maternal tox antigens (Non-Inherited Maternal Antigens - NIMA) is likely to play an important role in shaping the immune response (6). Found them already in the kidneys, livers, hearts (note that these are often transplanted organs), as well as circular glands, lungs, skin and lymph nodes of women with male children (7.8). Presented by PlosOne study is considered to be the first showing the presence of FMC in the central nervous system. NIMA may also be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Some data indicate that the protective effect of NIMA in rheumatoid arthritis (9). Furthermore, studies during pregnancy Mc offer insight into the background of some obstetric complications. The results of a recent study (10) show that microchimerism from the mother of a pregnant woman - so MMC - is detected in a healthy pregnancy and reduced in preeclampsia. This new branch of science offers answers to some of the pressing questions. This knowledge can also be used in prenatal diagnosis, fetal microchimerism which may be sought in the peripheral blood of the mother. According to a recent study (11) on this subject, the role of Mc cells in cancer is complex and controversial. For example, circulating cells mikrochimeryczne are less likely than in healthy subjects, found in patients with cancer of the thyroid, breast, and other malignancies. However, NIMA were zidentyfikowanne tissue tumor samples also in the thyroid, breast, cervical, lung and melanoma. These cells have different functions in the process of carcinogenesis, tox depending on the direction of differentiation. For example, hematopoietic differentiation appears to be a contribution to the destruction of the tumor, epithelial, mesenchymal, and - repair processes, but endothelial - tumor progression. In the present tox study, a group of researchers from Seattle tested 59 dead women in the direction of the male DNA. Obtained a number of samples subjected to autopsy brains of two centers of pathology. 26 patients had a positive tox history or histopathological confirmation in the direction of neurological disease. In contrast, in the rest, 33 patients diagnosed tox with probable life Alzheimer's disease (Alzheimer's disease-AD), which was confirmed by post-mortem histology. Selection of patients with AD was dictated by the observation that AD is more common in multiparous than element. Researchers have suspected so that the tissue under the AD will contain more cells mikrochimerycznych. The researchers conducted a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time quantitative Polymerase chain reaction action - qPCR) in search of the Y chromosome-specific DYS14 gene as a marker of male FMC. The results show a wide distribution of FMC in the tested tox samples. tox Researchers find gene DYS14 in 63% of women. FMC has been detected in many regions of the brain, but in
Surgery tox Pediatric Surgery Thoracic surgery Vascular surgery Surgery tox Surgical oncology Plastic Surgery Cardiology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Gynaecology Neuro Cardio Cardiology Neurology Neurosurgery Ophthalmology Orthopedics Otorhinolaryngology Pathology Pulmonology Radiology Urology
Probably each of us would be able to name at least one title of the book or movie, who described the struggles of the characters with the mastery of the human mind by alien beings, often extraterrestrial. It turns out that fiction does not pass so far from the truth. Through the article (1) published online in the journal PlosOne, we learn that the woman's brain hides male DNA and possibly cells of man. Source and effects of this phenomenon are the subject of numerous studies, but still failed to reach a clear position on the issue. The concept of microchimerism (Mc) refers to the presence of a small number of cells that are derived from another individual and hence are genetically different from the host cells. Natural microchimerism can be caused by pregnancy, since cells and genetic material are mutually exchanged between the mother and the fetus through the placenta (2). In some studies (3) demonstrated long-term persistence of cells / fetal DNA in the mother's body (fetal tox Mc-FMC). In addition, a small number of cells acquired maternal fetal life survives in healthy, immunocompetent adults and children (4) (maternal Mc-MMC). tox Also reported tox (5) microchimerism associated tox with blood transfusion (transfusion-associated microchimerism-TA-MC). Patients who have received serious injuries, after years of transfusion, achieved even 5 percent share of foreign leukocytes in peripheral blood. Fetal cells mikrochimeryczne apparently remain in the maternal bone marrow, even decades after the birth. They are capable of differentiation and migration into the blood and other tissues. These so-called nieodziedziczone maternal tox antigens (Non-Inherited Maternal Antigens - NIMA) is likely to play an important role in shaping the immune response (6). Found them already in the kidneys, livers, hearts (note that these are often transplanted organs), as well as circular glands, lungs, skin and lymph nodes of women with male children (7.8). Presented by PlosOne study is considered to be the first showing the presence of FMC in the central nervous system. NIMA may also be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Some data indicate that the protective effect of NIMA in rheumatoid arthritis (9). Furthermore, studies during pregnancy Mc offer insight into the background of some obstetric complications. The results of a recent study (10) show that microchimerism from the mother of a pregnant woman - so MMC - is detected in a healthy pregnancy and reduced in preeclampsia. This new branch of science offers answers to some of the pressing questions. This knowledge can also be used in prenatal diagnosis, fetal microchimerism which may be sought in the peripheral blood of the mother. According to a recent study (11) on this subject, the role of Mc cells in cancer is complex and controversial. For example, circulating cells mikrochimeryczne are less likely than in healthy subjects, found in patients with cancer of the thyroid, breast, and other malignancies. However, NIMA were zidentyfikowanne tissue tumor samples also in the thyroid, breast, cervical, lung and melanoma. These cells have different functions in the process of carcinogenesis, tox depending on the direction of differentiation. For example, hematopoietic differentiation appears to be a contribution to the destruction of the tumor, epithelial, mesenchymal, and - repair processes, but endothelial - tumor progression. In the present tox study, a group of researchers from Seattle tested 59 dead women in the direction of the male DNA. Obtained a number of samples subjected to autopsy brains of two centers of pathology. 26 patients had a positive tox history or histopathological confirmation in the direction of neurological disease. In contrast, in the rest, 33 patients diagnosed tox with probable life Alzheimer's disease (Alzheimer's disease-AD), which was confirmed by post-mortem histology. Selection of patients with AD was dictated by the observation that AD is more common in multiparous than element. Researchers have suspected so that the tissue under the AD will contain more cells mikrochimerycznych. The researchers conducted a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time quantitative Polymerase chain reaction action - qPCR) in search of the Y chromosome-specific DYS14 gene as a marker of male FMC. The results show a wide distribution of FMC in the tested tox samples. tox Researchers find gene DYS14 in 63% of women. FMC has been detected in many regions of the brain, but in
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